NBN guide
NBN connection types explained: FTTP, FTTN, HFC and Fixed Wireless
A plain-English overview of the main NBN technology types in Australia and how they can affect your plan's real-world speed.
Published · Updated · 7 min read
Quick answer
The NBN network uses several connection technologies — including FTTP, FTTN, HFC, Fixed Wireless and Satellite — and the type available at your address can affect the maximum speed tier you can order and how consistent your connection is. Check your address serviceability before choosing a plan.
Key takeaways
- Your address determines which NBN technology type you have access to, not your provider.
- FTTP (fibre to the premises) generally supports the widest range of speed tiers.
- FTTN and HFC can have more variable performance depending on line length or shared capacity.
- Always check serviceability and technology type before ordering a specific speed tier.
What are the main NBN connection types?
Common NBN technology types include Fibre to the Premises (FTTP), Fibre to the Node (FTTN), Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC), Fixed Wireless, and Satellite — each with different infrastructure and typical performance characteristics.
NBN Co built the network using a mix of technologies depending on location and existing infrastructure. Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) runs fibre optic cable directly to your home. Fibre to the Node (FTTN) uses existing copper phone lines for the final stretch. Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) uses the cable TV network. Fixed Wireless and Satellite serve regional and remote areas.
The technology available at your address affects which speed tiers you can order and how consistent your connection is likely to be.
How does connection type affect speed and reliability?
FTTP and HFC generally support higher speed tiers with more consistent performance. FTTN speeds can be limited by the length and quality of the copper line between the node and your home.
Some general patterns to be aware of:
- FTTP typically supports the full range of NBN speed tiers, including the fastest options where available.
- FTTN performance can vary based on the distance from your home to the local node.
- HFC generally performs well but can experience congestion at peak times in some areas.
- Fixed Wireless and Satellite are designed for regional and remote coverage and typically have lower maximum speed tiers.
How do I find out which NBN technology type serves my address?
NBN providers run an address serviceability check during the ordering process, which will show the technology type and available speed tiers at your address.
You don't need to know your technology type in advance — providers check serviceability using your address during signup and will tell you which speed tiers are available.
If you're upgrading from an older technology type like FTTN, ask the provider whether a free fibre upgrade is available at your address.
What else should I check before choosing an NBN plan?
Compare typical evening speed, modem inclusions, setup fees and contract terms in addition to the headline speed tier.
The speed tier label alone doesn't tell the whole story. Compare typical evening speed where listed, check whether a modem is included or required, and confirm any setup fees or contract terms before ordering.